|
IVP |
|
|
|
|
|
Nephrogram |
40 |
11 x14 |
Mid xyphoid & lower Ribs, MSP |
Kidneys |
|
IVP RPO/ LPO |
40 |
14 x 17 |
30 degree oblique. Crest & Mid xyphoid and lateral edge of body |
Kidney side up Ureter side down |
|
Bladder |
40 |
10 x 12 11 x 14 |
2" below ASIS & MSP |
Bladder |
|
ESOPHAGUS |
|
|
|
|
|
Posterior oblique RAO |
40 |
14 x 17 |
35-40 oblique. 2" ant. to spine (left) Top of film a bottom of ear. Center to film |
Esophagus |
|
STOMACH |
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|
AP |
40 |
10 x 12 11 x 14 |
CR- L-1 ( bottom of rib & xyphoid ) & 2" off midline to left |
BA in fundus |
|
Stomach PA |
40 |
14 x 17 |
CR 2" above crest and MSP |
BA in body, pylorus and duodenum |
|
Stomach Right Lateral |
40 |
10 x 12 |
CR- L-1 ( bottom of rib & xyphoid ) & anterior to midcoronal plane |
BA in distal stomach and duodenum |
|
Stomach LPO |
40 |
10 x 12 |
CR- L-1 ( bottom of rib & xyphoid ) & Midway between spinous process and lateral edge of body |
BA in fundus |
|
Stomach RAO |
40 |
10 x 12 11 x 14 |
CR- L-2 (1-2 " above lower rib margin) & midway between spine and lateral edge of body |
Bulb in profile Air in fundus BA in body and pylorus |
|
BE |
|
|
|
|
|
AP /PA |
40 |
14 x 17 |
Crest & midline |
|
|
BE RPO |
40 |
14 x 17 |
35 - 45 degree oblique CR Side up. 2 - 3 " above crest and midpoint of xyphoid and lateral edge of the body |
Splenic flexure |
|
BE LPO |
40 |
14 x 17 |
35 - 45 degree oblique CR Side up. Crest and midpoint of xyphoid and lateral edge of the body |
Hepatic flexure |
|
BE AP Sigmoid |
34 |
11 x 14 |
CR angle 30 degree cephalad CR 2 " inferior to ASIS & MSP |
Elongation of rectosigmoid segment |
|
BE PA Sigmoid |
34 |
11 x 14 |
CR angle 30 degrees caudal CR Enter at crest to exit 2" inferior to ASIS & MSP |
Elongation of rectosigmoid segment |
|
BE Lateral Rectum |
40 |
10 x 12 |
ASIS & Mid axillary plane |
Rectosigmoid area |
|
ACBE Ventral Decubitus |
40 |
10 x 12 Grid |
CR Horizontal ASIS & Mid axillary plane |
Rectosigmoid area |
|
BE Right lateral decubitus |
40 |
14 x 17 Grid |
CR Horizontal. Crest and Mid sagittal Plane |
Air filled splenic flexure and descending colon |
|
BE Left lateral decubitus |
40 |
14 x 17 Grid |
CR Horizontal Crest and Mid sagittal Plane |
Air filled Hepatic flexure, ascending colon and cecum |
|
SACRUM |
|
|
|
|
|
AP PA |
37 |
10 x 12 |
15 degree cephalic angle Midway between ASIS & symphysis pubis, and MSP 15 degree caudal angle |
|
|
Sacrum Lateral |
40 |
10 x 12 |
ASIS & 3 " posterior to mid axillary |
|
|
COCCYX |
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|
AP PA |
38 |
8 x 10 |
10 degrees caudal angle CR 2" superior to symphysis pubis and MSP 10 degrees cephalic angle |
|
|
Coccyx Lateral |
40 |
8 x 10 |
CR 3 " below ASIS 5" posterior to midaxillary |
|
|
SI JOINTS |
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|
AP Axial |
34 |
10 x 12 |
CR angle 30 degrees cephalic Midway between ASIS & symphysis pubis and at MSP |
SI joints, L-5, S-1 junction, sacrum & coccyx |
|
SI Joints Oblique LPO and RPO |
40 |
10 x 12 |
LPO for right joint ( side up ) RPO for left joint ( side up ) CR perpendicular and 1" medial to upside ASIS |
SI joints open of the side UP |
|
LUMBAR SPINE |
||||
|
AP |
40 |
14 x 17 11 x 14 |
Crest &midline 2"above crest & midline |
T-12 thru S-1 Flex knees |
|
Lumbar spine RPO and LPO |
40 |
11 x 14 |
45 degree oblique 2" above crest & 3" medial to upside ASIS or 2" above crest & midway between xyphoid and lateral edge of body |
Zygapophyseal joints of down side Visualize "scotty dog" |
|
Lumbar spine RAO and LAO |
40 |
11 x 14 |
45 degree oblique 2" above crest & 3" lateral to spinous process |
Zygapophyseal joints of up side Visualize "scotty dog" |
|
Lumbar Spine Left Lateral |
40 |
11 X 14 |
2" above crest and mid axillary plane Lead blocker on table |
Intervertebral foramina open, T-12 thru S-1 |
|
Lumbar Spine L-5- S-1 |
40 |
8 x 10 |
5-8 degree caudal angle Form C with hand at crest & 1 " posterior to mid axillary or Midway between ASIS and top of crest Lead blocker on table |
L-5 S-1 joint space open and centered to film |
|
CERVICAL SPINE |
||||
|
AP Axial |
37 |
8 x10 |
15 degree cephalic angle CR Lower margin of thyroid at C-5 = exit at C-4 & mid sagittal plane |
C-3 thru T-3/4 |
|
Cervical Spine Odontoid |
40 |
8 x 10 |
Line lower margin of upper incisors to the mastoid tip = perpendicular to table CR center of open mouth |
Odontoid process Zygapophyseal joint C-1, C-2 |
|
Cervical spine RAO LAO Anterior obl. RPO LPO Posterior obl. |
69 |
10 x 12 |
Patient 45 degree oblique. Angle 15 degrees caudal. CR C-4 & midline ( face down, side down, angle down) Patient 45 degrees oblique. Angle 15 degrees cephalad. CR C-4 & midline ( face up, angle up, side up) Turn head lateral to film = mid coronal plane is parallel to film = head rotation but assists with keeping mandible off upper C spine. Check dept. policy |
Intervertebral foramina down side Intervertebral foramina up side |
|
Cervical Spine Left Lateral |
72 |
10 x 12 |
CR C-4 Drop shoulders with weights Expiration |
C-1 - C-7, Zygapophyseal joints C-3 - C-7 |
|
AP Fuch Method |
40 |
8 x 10 |
MML perpendicular to table or angle tube as needed. CR parallel to MML enters inferior tip of mandible & MSP |
Odontoid in foramen magnum |
|
PA Judd Method |
40 |
8 x 10 |
MML perpendicular to table or angle tube as needed. CR parallel to MML & posterior to mastoid tip. |
Odontoid in foramen magnum |
|
Ottonello Waggy Jaw |
40 |
8 x 10 |
Line lower margin of upper incisors to the mastoid tip = perpendicular to table. Long exposure time. Mandible in constant motion. CR through mouth |
C-1 thru C-3 Mandible blurred |
|
THORACIC SPINE |
||||
|
AP |
40 |
14 x 17 |
Head at anode end. Flex knees CR T-7 ( 3-4 " below jugular notch) & MSP |
C-7 thru L-1 |
|
Thoracic Spine Lateral |
40 |
14 x 17 |
2 "posterior to mid axillary plane at T-7 Breathing technique Lead blocker on table |
C-7 thru L-1 |
|
Swimmers Twinning Method |
39 |
10 x 12 |
Patient lateral Arm and shoulder nearest film is up with humeral head anterior to spine. Arm and shoulder farthest from film is down and posterior CR T-1 Level of vertebra prominens & midcoronal
plane or 1 1/2 " above jugular notch & midcoronal plane May caudally angle 3-5 degrees Expiration Lead blocker on table |
C-4 TO T-3 |